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Several epidemiological studies have shown a statistically significant positive correlation between height and intelligence in human populations.〔Wilson DM, Hammer LD, Duncan PM et al. Growth and intellectual development. Pediatrics 1986;78:646–50.〕〔Walker SP, Grantham-McGregor SM, Powell CA, Chang SM. Effects of growth restriction in early childhood on growth, IQ, and cognition at age 11 to 12 years and the benefits of nutritional supplementation and psychosocial stimulation. J Pediatr 2000; 137:36–41.〕〔Tanner JM. Relation of body size, intelligence test scores and social circumstances. In: Mussen PH, Largen J, Covington M (eds). Trends and Issues in Developmental Psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehard and Winston Inc., 1969.〕〔Pearce MS, Deary IJ, Young AH, Parker L. Growth in early life and childhood IQ at age 11 years: the Newcastle Thousand Families Study. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34:673–77.〕 Similar associations have been found in early and late childhood and adulthood in both developed and developing countries, and associations persisted after controlling for social class and parental education. This does not imply that many short people are not intelligent, or that changes in physical height have a direct effect on cognitive ability. The reasons for this association remain unclear, but possible explanations include that height may be a biomarker of nutritional status or general mental and physical health during development, that genetic factors may influence both height and intelligence, or that both height and intelligence may be affected by adverse early environmental exposures. == Correlation == Studies of developing adolescents 〔Walker SP, Grantham-McGregor SM, Powell CA, Chang SM. Effects of growth restriction in early childhood on growth, IQ, and cognition at age 11 to 12 years and the benefits of nutritional supplementation and psychosocial stimulation. J Pediatr 2000; 137:36–41. (Abstract )〕〔Tanner JM. Relation of body size, intelligence test scores and social circumstances. In: Mussen PH, Largen J, Covington M (eds). Trends and Issues in Developmental Psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehard and Winston Inc., 1969.〕〔Pearce MS, Deary IJ, Young AH, Parker L. "Growth in early life and childhood IQ at age 11 years: the Newcastle Thousand Families Study." ''Int J Epidemiol'' 2005;34:673–77.(Article )〕 and young adults indicate a very small positive correlation between human IQ and height within national populations. The association is supported by studies linking height at eighteen with subsequent scholarly performance.〔() Patrik Magnusson, Finn Rasmussen et Ulf Gyllensten, International Journal of Epidemiology, 2006〕 Correlation coefficients in developing children are typically about 0.2. A large study conducted on Norwegian soldiers the correlation between height and general ability was .15.〔Sundet JM, Tambs K, Harris JR, Magnus P, Torjussen TM. Resolving the genetic and environmental sources of the correlation between height and intelligence: a study of nearly 2600 Norwegian male twin pairs. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2005 Aug;8(4):307-11〕 The effect appears to hold into the extremes of stature, but may decrease with age. The correlation between the two factors is weak, although statistically significant. Consequently, these studies do not imply that variations in stature have a direct effect on cognitive ability. However, similar strength correlations have been found in early and late childhood in both developed and developing countries, even after controlling for social class and parental education. In adults, changes in environment and social status reduce the strength of this correlation.〔 A study in 2006 by Anne Case and Christina Paxson 〔Anne Case and Christina Paxson : ''Stature and Status: Height, Ability and Labor Market Outcomes''(Article )〕 attracted media attention.〔() ''Success Is Relative, and Height Isn’t Everything'', by Stephen S. Hall, New York times, November 28, 2006〕〔() or ()''Taller People Are Smarter'', Reuters, August 25, 2006〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Height and intelligence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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